Patriotic Songs · National Song

Vande Mataram — Full Lyrics with Meaning वन्दे मातरम्

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay 1875 · Anandamath (1882) National Song

"Vande Mataram" — "I bow to you, Mother" — was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1875 in a mix of Sanskrit and Bengali, and published in his novel Anandamath in 1882. It became the rallying cry of the freedom struggle. Its first two stanzas were adopted as India's National Song in 1950, with honour equal to the National Anthem.

The song

वन्दे मातरम्।
सुजलां सुफलां मलयजशीतलाम्
शस्यश्यामलां मातरम्। वन्दे मातरम्॥

vande mātaram
sujalāṃ suphalāṃ malayaja-śītalām
śasya-śyāmalāṃ mātaram — vande mātaram

I bow to you, Mother — rich in waters, rich in fruit, cooled by the southern breeze, green with harvests, O Mother. I bow to you, Mother.

शुभ्रज्योत्स्नापुलकितयामिनीं
फुल्लकुसुमितद्रुमदलशोभिनीं
सुहासिनीं सुमधुरभाषिणीं
सुखदां वरदां मातरम्। वन्दे मातरम्॥

śubhra-jyotsnā-pulakita-yāminīm
phulla-kusumita-drumadala-śobhinīm
suhāsinīṃ sumadhura-bhāṣiṇīm
sukhadāṃ varadāṃ mātaram — vande mātaram

Your nights thrill in the white moonlight; you are adorned with trees in full flower; sweetly smiling, sweetly speaking, giver of joy and blessings, O Mother. I bow to you, Mother.

सप्तकोटिकण्ठ-कलकल-निनादकराले
द्विसप्तकोटिभुजैर्धृतखरकरवाले
अबला केन मा एत बले।
बहुबलधारिणीं नमामि तारिणीं
रिपुदलवारिणीं मातरम्। वन्दे मातरम्॥

sapta-koṭi-kaṇṭha-kalakala-nināda-karāle
dvi-sapta-koṭi-bhujair-dhṛta-khara-karavāle
abalā keno mā eto bale
bahu-bala-dhāriṇīṃ namāmi tāriṇīm
ripu-dala-vāriṇīṃ mātaram — vande mātaram

With the roar of seventy million voices and swords held high in twice seventy million hands — who says you are weak, Mother? I bow to you who hold great strength, who save us and drive back the enemy, O Mother.

तुमि विद्या, तुमि धर्म,
तुमि हृदि, तुमि मर्म,
त्वं हि प्राणाः शरीरे।
बाहुते तुमि मा शक्ति,
हृदये तुमि मा भक्ति,
तोमारई प्रतिमा गडि मन्दिरे मन्दिरे॥

tumi vidyā, tumi dharma
tumi hṛdi, tumi marma
tvaṃ hi prāṇāḥ śarīre
bāhute tumi mā śakti
hṛdaye tumi mā bhakti
tomārai pratimā gaḍi mandire mandire

You are knowledge, you are dharma; you are our heart and our innermost being; you are the life in our bodies. In our arms you are strength, Mother; in our hearts, devotion. It is your image we shape in temple after temple.

त्वं हि दुर्गा दशप्रहरणधारिणी
कमला कमलदलविहारिणी
वाणी विद्यादायिनी, नमामि त्वाम्।
नमामि कमलाम् अमलाम् अतुलाम्
सुजलां सुफलां मातरम्। वन्दे मातरम्॥

tvaṃ hi durgā daśa-praharaṇa-dhāriṇī
kamalā kamala-dala-vihāriṇī
vāṇī vidyā-dāyinī, namāmi tvām
namāmi kamalām amalām atulām
sujalāṃ suphalāṃ mātaram — vande mātaram

You are Durga holding ten weapons, Kamala (Lakshmi) who sports among lotus petals, Vani (Saraswati) who gives learning — I bow to you. I bow to you, lotus-like, pure, peerless, rich in waters, rich in fruit, O Mother.

श्यामलां सरलां सुस्मितां भूषिताम्
धरणीं भरणीं मातरम्। वन्दे मातरम्॥

śyāmalāṃ saralāṃ susmitāṃ bhūṣitām
dharaṇīṃ bharaṇīṃ mātaram — vande mātaram

Dark-hued, simple, smiling, adorned — you who bear us and sustain us, O Mother. I bow to you, Mother.

The text follows Bankim Chandra's original. The third stanza's "seven crore" (seventy million) reflects the population of Bengal in his time; when sung across India it is often changed to "koti-koti" (crores upon crores).

History

Bankim Chandra composed the song in 1875 and placed it in Anandamath (1882), a novel set during the sannyasi rebellion of the 1770s, where it is sung by ascetic warriors fighting for the motherland. Rabindranath Tagore set it to music and sang it at the Calcutta session of the Congress in 1896.

During the Swadeshi movement against the partition of Bengal (1905) "Vande Mataram" became the slogan of the national movement, and the British tried to ban its public singing. Because the later stanzas identify the motherland with Hindu goddesses, some Muslim leaders objected to it; in 1937 the Congress decided that the first two stanzas would be sung on national occasions. On 24 January 1950 the Constituent Assembly adopted those two stanzas as the National Song, with honour equal to "Jana Gana Mana".

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Frequently asked questions

Who wrote Vande Mataram?

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, in 1875; it was published in his novel Anandamath in 1882.

How many stanzas does Vande Mataram have?

The full song has six stanzas; the first two were adopted as India's National Song in 1950.

What does Vande Mataram mean?

"I bow to you, Mother" — the Mother being the motherland.

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Read nextJana Gana Mana — Full Lyrics with Meaning

Sources & copyright status

  • Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Anandamath (1882) — public domain
  • Constituent Assembly of India, statement of the President, 24 January 1950 — government record
  • Historical facts: not subject to copyright.
  • Commentary and translations on this page: original to The Hindu Book. © The Hindu Book, all rights reserved.