Vrat katha · Every Saturday

Shanivar Vrat Kathaशनिवार व्रत कथा

The Saturday fast for Shani dev, kept during sade sati and dhaiyya and for relief from hardship — and the story of King Vikramaditya, who lost everything for seven and a half years and was restored when Shani was pleased.

  • DaySaturday
  • DeityShani dev
  • OfferingsMustard oil, black sesame, urad
  • Duration19 or 51 Saturdays
Image: K.Venkataramana, CC0, Wikimedia Commons

शनिवार व्रत कथा (हिन्दी में)

एक बार नौ ग्रहों में विवाद हो गया कि हममें सबसे बड़ा कौन है। वे निर्णय के लिए इन्द्र के पास गए, पर इन्द्र ने कहा — "पृथ्वी पर उज्जैन के राजा विक्रमादित्य बड़े न्यायप्रिय हैं, वही निर्णय करेंगे।" राजा ने सोना, चाँदी, काँसा, ताँबा, पीतल, सीसा, राँगा, जस्ता और लोहा — नौ धातुओं के नौ आसन बनवाए और कहा — "जिसका आसन सबसे पहले है, वही सबसे बड़ा।"

लोहे का आसन सबसे पीछे था और वह शनिदेव को मिला। शनिदेव क्रोधित होकर बोले — "राजन, तुमने मेरा अपमान किया है। मैं जिसकी राशि में आता हूँ, साढ़े सात वर्ष तक उसे कष्ट देता हूँ। अब तुम मेरी शक्ति देखोगे।" कुछ समय बाद राजा पर शनि की साढ़ेसाती आई।

शनिदेव घोड़ों के व्यापारी बनकर उज्जैन आए। राजा ने एक सुन्दर घोड़ा पसन्द किया और उस पर सवार हुए। घोड़ा हवा की तरह दौड़ा और राजा को दूर घने जंगल में छोड़कर अदृश्य हो गया। भूखे-प्यासे भटकते राजा एक नगर में पहुँचे, जहाँ एक सेठ ने उन्हें आदर से अपने घर ठहराया।

सेठ के घर दीवार की खूँटी पर एक कीमती हार टँगा था। राजा के देखते-देखते खूँटी ने वह हार निगल लिया। सेठ ने हार गायब देखा तो राजा पर चोरी का आरोप लगाया। नगर के राजा ने विक्रमादित्य के हाथ-पैर कटवा दिए। एक तेली को उन पर दया आई; वह उन्हें घर ले गया और कोल्हू पर बिठा दिया, जहाँ राजा आवाज़ देकर बैलों को हाँकते थे।

साढ़ेसाती पूरी होने को आई। एक रात राजा ने मधुर स्वर में दीपक राग गाया। नगर की राजकुमारी मनभावनी ने वह गीत सुना और प्रण किया कि वह उसी गायक से विवाह करेगी। पिता के बहुत समझाने पर भी वह नहीं मानी, और उसका विवाह विकलांग विक्रमादित्य से हो गया।

उसी रात शनिदेव ने राजा को स्वप्न में दर्शन देकर कहा — "राजन, तुमने मुझे छोटा समझा था; देखो, मेरा प्रभाव कैसा होता है।" राजा ने क्षमा माँगी और प्रार्थना की — "हे शनिदेव, जैसा कष्ट आपने मुझे दिया, वैसा किसी और को न देना।" शनिदेव ने कहा — "जो मेरी कथा सुनेगा और शनिवार को मेरा व्रत करेगा, उसे मेरी दशा में कष्ट नहीं होगा।" शनिदेव ने राजा के हाथ-पैर लौटा दिए।

सुबह सबने राजा को पूर्ण स्वस्थ देखा। सेठ के घर खूँटी ने भी हार वापस उगल दिया। सेठ ने लज्जित होकर क्षमा माँगी और अपनी कन्या का विवाह भी राजा से कर दिया। विक्रमादित्य दोनों रानियों के साथ उज्जैन लौटे और घोषणा कराई कि शनिदेव सब ग्रहों में श्रेष्ठ हैं; सब लोग शनिवार का व्रत करें और कथा सुनें।

॥ इति शनिवार व्रत कथा सम्पूर्ण ॥ बोलो शनिदेव महाराज की जय!

The story of Shanivar Vrat Katha in English

Once the nine planets quarrelled over which of them was greatest. They went to Indra, who said: "On earth, King Vikramaditya of Ujjain is famous for his justice — let him decide." The king had nine seats made of nine metals — gold, silver, bronze, copper, brass, lead, tin, zinc and iron — and said: "Whoever's seat comes first is the greatest."

The iron seat came last, and it fell to Shani. Angry, Shani said: "King, you have insulted me. When I enter someone's sign, I trouble them for seven and a half years. Now you will see my power." In time, Shani's sade sati came upon the king.

Shani came to Ujjain disguised as a horse trader. The king chose a fine horse and mounted it. The horse raced like the wind, left the king deep in a dense forest and vanished. Hungry and thirsty, the king wandered until he reached a city, where a merchant welcomed him into his home.

In the merchant's house a precious necklace hung on a peg on the wall. As the king watched, the peg swallowed the necklace. When the merchant found it missing, he accused the king of theft, and the ruler of the city had Vikramaditya's hands and feet cut off. An oil-presser (teli) took pity on him, took him home and sat him at the oil press, where the king drove the bullocks with his voice.

As the sade sati was ending, the king one night sang Raga Deepak in a sweet voice. The city's princess, Manbhavani, heard the song and vowed to marry the singer. Though her father tried hard to dissuade her, she would not change her mind, and she was married to the maimed Vikramaditya.

That night Shani appeared to the king in a dream and said: "King, you thought me small — now you have seen my power." The king begged forgiveness and prayed: "O Shani dev, do not give anyone else the suffering you gave me." Shani replied: "Whoever hears my story and keeps my fast on Saturdays will not suffer in my periods." And he restored the king's hands and feet.

In the morning everyone saw the king whole again. In the merchant's house the peg gave back the necklace. Ashamed, the merchant begged forgiveness and gave his daughter in marriage to the king as well. Vikramaditya returned to Ujjain with both queens and proclaimed that Shani is the greatest of the planets, and that all should keep the Saturday fast and hear his katha.

The story of Vikramaditya and Shani is told in the folk "Shanaishchara katha" and popular Hindi vrat-katha books; it is a folk tradition rather than a Puranic text. The katha is retold here in our own words; families and printed booklets tell it with small differences.

How to keep the Shanivar vrat

  1. Sankalp. Start on a Saturday in the bright half of the month (Shravan is considered especially good). Take a sankalp for 19 or 51 Saturdays, or as vowed.
  2. Worship Shani. Offer mustard oil to Shani's image or at a Shani temple, with black sesame, black urad, blue or black flowers and a mustard-oil lamp. Many also water and light a lamp under a peepal tree in the evening.
  3. Katha and aarti. Hear the Shanivar katha, recite the Shani Chalisa and do the aarti "Jai Jai Shri Shanidev".
  4. One meal and charity. Eat once after sunset, often food made with urad or sesame. Give mustard oil, black sesame, black cloth or iron in charity, and help someone in need — Shani is said to favour those who serve the poor.

Food: One meal after sunset, often of urad dal or sesame; many avoid salt.

Children, the elderly, pregnant women and anyone with a medical condition should keep a lighter fast. Customs differ between families and regions — follow your own tradition.

Udyapan (completing the vrat)

After the vowed Saturdays, do the udyapan: worship Shani with a havan if possible, offer mustard oil, black sesame and black cloth, and feed brahmins or the poor and give them dakshina.

Mantra and aarti

Shani beej mantra

ॐ शं शनैश्चराय नमः ॥

oṃ śaṃ śanaiścarāya namaḥ ||

Om, salutations to Shanaishchara, the slow-moving one ("sham" is his seed syllable). Chant it 108 times on Saturday.

Frequently asked questions

What is sade sati?

The seven-and-a-half-year period when Shani (Saturn) passes through the signs before, of and after one's Moon sign. It is traditionally seen as a time of hardship and lessons.

Why is mustard oil offered to Shani?

A popular story says Hanuman, wounded in battle with Shani, was soothed with oil; Shani promised to spare devotees who offer oil. Mustard oil and black sesame are his traditional offerings.

Why is Hanuman worshipped on Saturday too?

Tradition holds that Hanuman freed Shani from Ravana's captivity, and Shani promised not to trouble Hanuman's devotees.