Deity · The visible god

Suryaसूर्य देव

Surya, the Sun god, is the one deity every person can see. The Vedas praise him as the eye of the world and the soul of all that moves and stands still; the Gayatri mantra is addressed to Savitr, the divine Sun as inspirer of the mind.

  • Also known asAditya, Savitr, Bhaskar, Ravi, Divakar, Mitra
  • ConsortsSanjna and Chhaya
  • VahanaChariot of seven horses, driven by Aruna
  • ChildrenShani, Yama, Yamuna, Karna
  • Sacred daySunday; Makar Sankranti; Chhath
Surya
Image: PriyankaSharmaps39, CC0, Wikimedia Commons

About Surya

He rides a chariot drawn by seven horses, driven by Aruna, the dawn. His sons include Shani, Yama and Karna, and his worship at sunrise with an offering of water (arghya) is one of the oldest daily practices in Hinduism — continued today in Surya Namaskar.

Makar Sankranti marks his entry into Capricorn and the start of Uttarayana; Chhath Puja is a four-day festival of thanks to him and Chhathi Maiya. His great temples include Konark in Odisha and Modhera in Gujarat.

Surya mantra

Surya mantra

ॐ सूर्याय नमः

oṁ sūryāya namaḥ

Om, salutations to Surya — the first of the twelve names chanted in Surya Namaskar.

Prayers to Surya 4

Chalisas, aartis, stotras and mantras for Surya, each with the full text, transliteration and meaning.

Daily shlokas

Festivals of Surya

Temples of Surya

Konark Sun Temple

Konark Sun Temple कोणार्क सूर्य मंदिर

Konark, Odisha · Surya

UNESCO World Heritage. Shaped as Surya's massive chariot — 24 wheels, 7 horses. Though mostly in ruins, still a protected active temple. Not an active functioning temple — but one of India's greatest architectural wonders. ASI-protected.

Modhera Sun Temple

Modhera Sun Temple मोढेरा सूर्य मंदिर

Modhera, Gujarat · Surya

A celebrated 11th-century temple to the Sun god built by the Chaulukya (Solanki) rulers of Gujarat, famous for its stepped tank, carved dance hall and sanctum aligned with the rising sun.

Martand Sun Temple

Martand Sun Temple मार्तंड सूर्य मंदिर

Mattan, Jammu and Kashmir · Surya

The ruins of a grand 8th-century temple to Surya on a plateau above the Kashmir Valley, built under King Lalitaditya and regarded as the finest example of ancient Kashmiri temple architecture.

Arasavalli Sun Temple

Arasavalli Sun Temple अरसवल्ली सूर्य मंदिर

Arasavalli (Srikakulam), Andhra Pradesh · Surya (Suryanarayana)

One of the few Sun temples in India still in daily worship, at Arasavalli near Srikakulam. Twice a year the rising sun's rays fall on the feet of the deity, and the Ratha Saptami festival draws huge crowds.

Gop Temple

Gop Temple गोप मंदिर

Gop (Jamjodhpur taluka), Gujarat · Surya (traditionally identified)

Counted among the earliest surviving stone temples of Gujarat, dated to around the late 6th century. Its weathered pyramidal tower is a key landmark in the history of north Indian temple architecture.

Navlakha Temple, Ghumli

Navlakha Temple, Ghumli नवलखा मंदिर, घुमली

Ghumli (Bhanvad), Gujarat · Surya

The impressive ruins of a Sun temple built by the Jethwa rulers at their old capital of Ghumli. It has one of the largest temple platforms in Gujarat and fine Solanki-style sculpture.

Thousand Pillar Temple

Thousand Pillar Temple रुद्रेश्वर स्वामी मंदिर (हज़ार स्तंभ मंदिर)

Hanamkonda, Telangana · Shiva (Rudreshwara), Vishnu and Surya

A star-shaped triple shrine of Shiva, Vishnu and Surya built under the Kakatiya king Rudra Deva in Hanamkonda. Its richly carved pillars, polished black-stone Nandi and fine stonework make it a showpiece of Kakatiya art.

Pindara Group of Temples

Pindara Group of Temples पिंडारा मंदिर समूह

Pindara, Devbhoomi Dwarka, Gujarat · Shiva and Surya (historic shrines)

A rare cluster of early medieval stone temples on the Saurashtra coast east of Dwarka, protected as a monument of national importance and known locally as the Durvasa Rishi Ashram.

Kasivisvesvara Temple, Lakkundi

Kasivisvesvara Temple, Lakkundi काशी विश्वेश्वर मंदिर, लक्कुंडी

Lakkundi, Gadag, Karnataka · Shiva (Kashi Vishveshvara), with a facing shrine of Surya

One of the finest temples of the Kalyani Chalukya style, with two shrines facing each other for Shiva and Surya and some of the most delicate stone carving in Karnataka.

Frequently asked questions

How is arghya offered to Surya?

Facing the rising sun, hold a copper pot of water (often with red flowers, rice or kumkum) at chest height and pour it in a slow stream while chanting a Surya mantra, looking at the sun through the falling water.

What is the Aditya Hridayam?

A hymn to the Sun in the Yuddha Kanda of the Valmiki Ramayana, taught by the sage Agastya to Rama before his final battle with Ravana, for victory and strength.

Is the Gayatri mantra addressed to Surya?

It is addressed to Savitr, the Sun as the divine power that awakens and inspires. Many traditions therefore treat it as a Surya mantra, though it is also read as a prayer to the supreme light.